Nonlinear coarse-graining models for 3D printed multi-material biomimetic composites

Bio-inspired composites are a great promise for mimicking the extraordinary and highly efficient properties of natural materials. Recent developments in voxel-by-voxel 3D printing have enabled extreme levels control over material deposition, yielding complex micro-architected However, spatial complexity makes it formidable challenge to find optimal distribution both hard soft phases. To address this, nonlinear coarse-graining approach is developed, where foam-based constitutive equations used predict mechanics biomimetic composites. The proposed validated by comparing coarse-grained finite element predictions against full-field strain distributions measured using digital image correlation. evaluate degree on model accuracy, pre-notched specimens decorated with binarized version renowned painting were modeled. Subsequently, fracture behavior bio-inspired incorporating designs, such as functional gradients hierarchical organizations. Finally, showcase approach, inverse combined theoretical bone tissue adaptation optimize microarchitecture 3D-printed femur. predicted exceptionally good agreement corresponding experimental results. Therefore, method allows design advanced architected materials tunable predictable properties.